Japan or Korea? 7 Factors European SMEs Must Consider Before Expanding

Jan de Vries · 2026-10-27

So you're a European SME looking at Asia. Japan and the Republic of Korea both offer huge opportunities in healthcare, clean energy, and advanced tech. But which one is right for you? The EU-funded EU Business Hub – Japan and the Republic of Korea programme helps European SMEs explore both markets through targeted business missions. Here are seven factors to weigh before you expand. ### Different Investment Priorities Japan's energy transition is a big draw for European clean-tech suppliers. Under its Green Transformation (GX) strategy, the country plans to mobilize over ¥150 trillion (around $1 trillion) in public and private investment over ten years starting fiscal 2023. That's backing renewable energy, hydrogen, and industrial decarbonization. The Republic of Korea, on the other hand, has strong electronics, semiconductor, automotive, and medical technology industries. That means opportunities for European suppliers of specialized components and advanced technologies. For SMEs: Figure out where your solution fits into existing industrial supply chains. ### Ageing Populations Drive Healthcare Demand In Japan, about 29% of the population is 65 or older. That creates demand for elderly care, rehabilitation, assistive technologies, and healthcare efficiency. The Republic of Korea became a super-aged society in 2024, with over 20% of its population aged 65 or older. Its advanced digital infrastructure opens doors in diagnostics, AI-enabled medical devices, and digital health. For SMEs: Both markets offer healthcare opportunities, but potential customers and applications may differ. ### Local Partnerships Matter In Japan, European SMEs can explore partnerships with manufacturers, distributors, and engineering companies to reach customers and integrate technologies into established systems. In the Republic of Korea, medical device distributors, manufacturers, research institutions, and technology companies may provide relevant entry points. For SMEs: Choose partners with access to your target customers and the technical capacity to support your product. ### Business Practices Require Preparation Both markets value reliability, product quality, and established business relationships. Decision-making processes, however, vary by company and sector. European SMEs should prepare technical documentation, evidence of successful applications, and a clear commercial proposition. Local-language support can facilitate negotiations and technical discussions. For SMEs: Focus on demonstrating measurable value rather than relying on generic market-entry presentations. > "In Japan, trust is built over time. It's not about the hard sell; it's about showing you're in it for the long haul." – Jan de Vries, E-commerce Consultant ### Regulatory Requirements Differ Medical technologies face distinct regulatory frameworks. In Japan, the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) reviews medical products, while in the Republic of Korea, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) regulates medical devices. Clean-energy technologies may also require local certification or compliance with technical standards. For SMEs: Assess regulatory requirements early. European certification does not automatically guarantee market access. ### Test Before Investing Entering either market doesn't necessarily require establishing a local office immediately. Distributors, technology partners, and system integrators can provide access to customers and market knowledge. Trade exhibitions and B2B meetings help companies assess demand, understand technical requirements, and identify potential partners before committing substantial resources. For SMEs: Validate your commercial proposition before making long-term investments. ### Direct Engagement Makes the Difference Market research can identify promising sectors, but only direct discussions with potential customers reveal whether a specific technology meets their needs. That's where initiatives like the EU Business Hub come in. They connect European SMEs with local partners and customers, making it easier to test the waters. For SMEs: Get on the ground, talk to people, and see for yourself. That's the best way to know if Japan or Korea is your next big market.